Litaba

China e na le indasteri e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea masela lefatšeng le ketane ea indasteri e felletseng ka ho fetesisa e nang le mekhahlelo e felletseng. Masela a Sechaena a kenyelletsa likhoele, masela, liaparo joalo-joalo. Ho tloha ka selemo sa 2015, palo ea tlhahiso ea fiber ea China e fihlile ho lithane tse limilione tse 53, e leng karolo e fetang 50 lekholong ea kakaretso ea lefats'e. China ke naha e hlahisang masela le liaparo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Indasteri ea masela ea Chaena e kile ea etella pele lefatše ka lilemo tse leshome. China ke eona e etellang pele lefats'e ka thepa ea kantle ho naha. Tlholisano ea indasteri ea masela le liaparo, e arotsoeng ka indasteri ea masela le indasteri ea ho etsa liaparo, ke indasteri e hlolisanoang ka ho fetisisa China. Ke eona e matla ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng mabapi le karolo ea 'maraka ea machaba, index ea tlhōlisano ea khoebo le index ea sebele ea comparative advantage.

Indasteri ea masela ea Chaena e na le nalane e telele ea nts'etsopele, ho tloha mehleng ea Neolithic e tseba theknoloji ea masela. Theknoloji ea masela a silika le folaxe Chaena ea boholo-holo e ile ea fihla boemong bo phahameng haholo 'me ea thabela botumo bo botle lefatšeng. 'Muso oa Boholo-holo oa Roma o ile oa jala silika ka Tsela ea silika 'me oa bitsa China "Naha ea silika". Indasteri ea masela ea China qalong e ne e kenyelletsa fiber ea lik'hemik'hale, masela a k'hothone, masela a boea, masela a hemp, silika, ho loha, ho hatisa le ho daea, liaparo, masela a lapeng, metjhini ea masela le liindasteri tse ling. Kamora lilemo tsa nts'etsopele, indasteri ea masela butle-butle e thehile indasteri ea masela ea sejoale-joale e nang le masela a ntlo, masela a liaparo le masela a indasteri joalo ka litsamaiso tse tharo. Ka 2020, indasteri ea masela ea China e sebetsanang le fiber e etsa karolo e fetang 50% ea lefats'e, 'me bophahamo ba eona ba kantle ho naha bo nka karolo ea 1/3 ea lefats'e. Haesale e le indasteri e nang le phaello e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea khoebo ea kantle ho naha Chaena, 'me tšebeliso ea eona ea fiber ka motho ka mong e fihlile boemong ba linaha tse tsoetseng pele moruong lefatšeng ka bophara. Nakong e fetileng, indasteri ea masela ea Chaena e ne e fosahetse e le "indasteri ea ho likela ha letsatsi", empa hona joale ho balekane ba lefats'e, eseng feela e kholo ka ho fetisisa, le lihlopha tse feletseng tsa indasteri, tsamaiso e feletseng ka ho fetisisa ea indasteri, saense ea indasteri le thekenoloji e ka pele ho lefats'e, haholo-holo lets'oao la lehae le tsebahala ka ho pharaletseng limmarakeng tsa malapeng le tsa machaba. Har'a liindasteri tse hlano (masela, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, thepa ea mohaho, tšepe le tšepe, le literene tse lebelo) tse thathamisitsoeng lethathamong la pele la liindasteri tsa tlhahiso ea lefatše Chaena, indasteri ea masela e boemong ba pele.

Karolo ea ’maraka ea indasteri ea masela le ea liaparo ea Chaena e boemong ba bobeli lefatšeng, e imenneng ka makhetlo a tšeletseng ea ea Italy, e imenang ka makhetlo a supileng ea Jeremane le ka makhetlo a 12 ea United States hoo e ka bang lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Lenane la tlhōlisano la khoebo la Chaena le bile ka holimo ho 0.6 ka nako e telele, 'me index ea tlhōlisano ea khoebo ea liaparo e se e le haufi le 1 ka nako e telele. Lenane la menyetla ea papiso e hlakileng hangata le ka holimo ho 2.5, e leng se bontšang hore indasteri e na le tlhōlisano e matla ea machaba. Tlhahiso ea indasteri ea masela le liaparo ea Chaena e kile ea feta ea Italy ka makhetlo a 9 le ea United States ka makhetlo a 14, ho bolelang hore ntle ho pelaelo indasteri ena e na le tlhōlisano e matla ea machaba. Haholo-holo, lilemong tse leshome tsa boraro tsa liphetoho le ho bula, Chaena e ile ea beha boemo ba pele ka tlhahiso ea fiber ea lik'hemik'hale, khoele, lesela, lesela la boea, thepa ea silika le liaparo. Ntle le moo, ho latela lipalo-palo tse amehang tse tsoang United States, European Union le Japan, ka 2020, China e ne e le karolo ea 33%, 43.9% le 58.6% ea thepa eohle ea masela le liaparo e tsoang United States, European Union le Japane ka ho latellana. Har'a bona, lihlahisoa tsa Mask tse tsoang Chaena li ne li laola 'maraka, li ikarabella bakeng sa 83%, 91.3% le 89.9% ea thepa ea mask e tsoang US, EU le Japane ka ho latellana.

Ha ho bapisoa le linaha tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela tse nang le litšenyehelo tse tlase, Chaena e na le melemo ea tlhaho: 1) Indasteri ea masela ea Chaena e na le nalane e telele, lisebelisoa tse tala tse felletseng le ketane ea phepelo e felletseng, e leng lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho khutla ha litaelo nakong ea seoa. 1) Boemo ba seoa Chaena bo tsitsitse, 'me Chaena ke eona ea pele ea ho tsosolosa mosebetsi le tlhahiso. Liindasteri le liketane tsa phepelo li tloaelehile, 'me liodara li ka tlisoa joalo ka ha ho reriloe. 3) Indasteri ea masela ea China e sebetsoa sethaleng sa li-automation tsa indasteri ka theko e tlase ea tlhahiso ea bongata.

Motse o tummeng oa masela oa China: Hebei Gaoyang. Gaoyang textile e qalile ho elella bofelong ba lesika la Ming, xing ho elella bofelong ba Qing Dynasty, e atlehileng Rephabliki ea pele ea Chaena, lilemo tse fetang 400 tsa lefa, likhoebo tsa masela tsa setereke tse fetang 4000. Pontšo ea masela ea lapeng ea selemo le selemo ke ketsahalo e babatsehang ea indasteri ea masela ea naha. E na le musiamo o moholo ka ho fetesisa oa masela o nang le lisebelisoa tsa nalane tse felletseng ka ho fetesisa le setsi se seholo sa setereke sa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere profinseng. Ke habohlokoa ho bolela hore indasteri ea masela ea Gao Yang e tsoetse pele haholo, lithaole, boea, kobo lihlahisoa tse tharo tse kholo tsa lihlahisoa tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 38.8%, 24.7% le 26% ea kakaretso ea naha, ke e 'ngoe ea setsi sa kabo ea k'hothone e kholo ka ho fetisisa naheng, e na le' maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa naha oa thekiso ea lithaole, gao Yang textile tradesluster .

China Light Textile City e seterekeng sa Keqiao, Motse oa Shaoxing, Profinseng ea Zhejiang. E thehiloe ka Mphalane 1988, Shaoxing Keqiao o thehile litšōmo tse ngata tsa maruo mme e bile motse-moholo oa masela oa machaba "o aparetseng lefatše lohle". China Textile City e akaretsa sebaka sa lisekoere-mithara tse limilione tse 1.8, 'me sebaka sa kaho sa lisekoere-mithara tse limilione tse 3.9. Selemo se seng le se seng, lesela le rekisoang mona le nka karolo ea 1/3 ea naha le 1/4 ea lefatše. Ka 2020, lihlopha tsa mebaraka ea China textile City li fihletse phaello ea li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 216.325. Bophahamo ba thekiso ea mebaraka ea China Textile City inthaneteng le kantle ho marang-rang bo fihlile ho li-yuan tse libilione tse 277.03. E behile sebaka sa pele 'marakeng oa thekiso ea masela oa China bakeng sa lilemo tse 32 tse latellanang. Hona joale ke setsi se seholo sa kabo ea masela se nang le lisebelisoa tse felletseng le lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tse fapaneng Chaena, hape ke 'maraka o moholo oa masela o bobebe oa Asia.

China e ntse e etella pele lefats'e lefapheng la fiber filament ea lik'hemik'hale. Kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea fiber lefatšeng e ka ba lithane tse fetang limilione tse 90. Karolo ea 70 lekholong ea lithane tse limilione tse 90 tsa tlhahiso ea fiber ke lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, tse ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 65, tseo lik'hemik'hale tsa fiber filament li ka bang lithane tse limilione tse 40. Ho ka bonoa hore likhoele tsa lik'hemik'hale li laoloa ke likhoele. Boholo ba lithane tse fetang limilione tse 40 tsa fiber filament ea lik'hemik'hale lefatšeng li hlahisoa Chaena.

China ke mohlahisi le moreki oa k'hothone e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ka tlhahiso ea k'hothone ea malapeng e sitoang ho finyella tlhokahalo, Chaena e ntse e hloka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling ho tlatselletsa tlhokahalo. Empa haholo-holo e tsoang kantle ho naha ea boleng bo holimo e tala ea k'hothone. Palo ea ho kenya k'hothone ka 2020 e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 2.1545, ho nyoloha ka 16.67% selemo le selemo. Har'a tsona, United States, Brazil le India ke mehloli e meraro e ka holimo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha. Mabapi le phepelo ea lapeng, temo ea k'hothone Chaena e ajoa haholo linokeng tsa Yangtze le Yellow River le libakeng tsa tlhahiso Xinjiang, moo tlhahiso ea libaka tsa tlhahiso ea xinjiang e etsang karolo ea 45% ea kakaretso ea naha, ea Yellow River e etsa 25%, 'me ea noka ea Yangtze e etsa karolo ea 10%. Ho bohlokoa ho bolela hore k'hothone ea xinjiang ke thepa ea boleng bo holimo lefatšeng, kaha lihlahisoa tsa China tsa boleng bo holimo tsa k'hothone, tlhahiso ea k'hothone ea xinjiang ka 2020 e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 5.161, e leng karolo ea 87.3% ea naha, e ikarabellang bakeng sa karolo ea bohlano ea lefats'e. Ho ka boleloa hore ke ka lebaka la lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa xinjiang le boleng bo phahameng ba k'hothone moo matla a mantlha a Chaena naheng ea pele ea lefats'e e hlahisang k'hothone e tšehetsoeng.